ACTIVATED CARBON
:
A granular material usually produced by the roasting of cellulose base substances- such as wood or coconut shells- in the absence of air.
BACTERIA
:
Unicellular microorganisms which typically reproduce by cell division. Although usually classified as plants- bacteria contain no chlorophyll.
CHLORINE
:
A gas- CL2- widely used in the disinfection of water and an oxidizing agent for organic matter- iron- etc.
CONTAMINATION
:
The addition of foreign matter to a substance which reduces the value of the substance- or interferes with its intended use.
DEIONATION
:
The removal of all ionized minerals and salts (both in-organic and organic) from a solution by a two-phase ion exchange procedure. Hydrogen and hydroxide ions introduced in this process unite to form water molecules.
DEMINERALIZATION
:
The removal of all ionized in-organic minerals and salts (not organic materials) from a solution by a two-phase ion exchange procedure; similar to deionization- and the two terms are often used interchangeably.
DISINFECTION
:
A process in which pathogenic (disease producing bacteria are killed) may involve disinfecting agents such as chlorine- ultraviolet light- or a physical process such as heating.
DOSAGE
:
Dosage is the term used in Ultraviolet disinfection to measure the amount of UV energy that the micro-organisms are exposed to. The PURA systems are setup to provide 16-000 micro-watt-seconds/sq cm at the end of the lamp life.
E COLI
:
Escherichia Coli- one of the members of the coliform group of bacteria indicating fecal contamination.
EPCB
:
EXTENDED PASS CARBON BLOCK. This is the most reliable filter in the one (1) and two (2) GPM units. It is rated at a nominal .5 microns- and is certified for Cyst removal as well as Chlorine and organic removal.
EPCBX
:
The ten (10) micron version of the EPCB filter.
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EXPOSURE
:
This term refers to the amount of time the micro-organisms are in contact with the UV energy.
FECAL
:
Matter containing or derived from animal or human wastes.
FILTER
:
Specifically- a device or system for the removal of solid particles (suspended solids); in general- includes mechanical adsorptive- oxidizing and neutralizing filters. (Non health related).
FILTER AREA
:
The effective area through which water approaches the filter media- often expressed in square feet.
FLOW CONTROL
:
A device designed to limit the flow of water or regenerant to a predetermined value over a broad range of inlet water pressures.
FLOW RATE
:
The quantity of water or regenerant which passes a given point in a specified unit of time- often expressed in gallons per minute.
GALLON
:
A common unit of liquid volume; the U.S. gallon has a volume of 231 cubic inches or 3.78533 liters; the British (Imperial) gallon has a volume of 277.418 cubic inches or 4.54596 liters.
HARDNESS
:
A characteristic of natural water due to the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium; water hardness is responsible for most scale formation in pipes and water heaters- and from insoluble :cur: when it reacts with soaps.
HARDNESS GRAINS
:
Hardness is usually expressed in grains per gallon- parts per million- or milligrams per liter- all as calcium carbonate equivalent.
LITER
:
The basic metric unit of volume; 3.785 liters equals one (1) U.S. gallon; one (1) liter of water weights 1000 grams.
LOC
:
This refers to the LAMP OUT CIRCUIT that is used to control an alarm or some type of solenoid valve. The circuit can be setup in a normally open or normally closed position.
MICRON
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MICRON
:
A linear measure equal to one (1) millionth of a meter- or .00003937 inch. The symbol for the micron is the Greek letter " ."
MICRON RATING
:
The term applied to a filter or filter medium to indicate the particle size above which all suspended solids will be removed- throughout the rated capacity. As used in industry standards- this is an "absolute-" not "nominal" rating.
ORGANIC MATTER
:
Substances of/or derived from plant or animal matter as opposed to in-organic matter derived from rocks and minerals. Organic matter is characterized by its carbon-hydrogen structure.
OZONE
:
An unstable form of oxygen (O3)- which can be generated by an electrical discharge through air or regular oxygen. It is a strong oxidizing agent and has been used in water conditioning as a disinfectant.
PARTS PER MILLION
:
In dilute water solutions- one (1) part per million is practically equal to one (1) milligram per liter- which is the preferred unit. 17/12 ppm equals on grain per U.S. gallon.
PARTS PER MILLION (PPM)
:
A common basis for reporting the results of water and waste water analysis- indicating the number of parts by weight of a dissolved or suspended constituent- per million parts by weight of water or other solvent.
PERMANENT HARDNESS
:
Water hardness due to the presence of the chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium- which will not be precipitated by boiling. This term is largely replaced by "noncarbonated hardness."
QUARTZ SLEEVE
:
This is the device that is used to isolate the water from the UV lamp and has the ability to transmit a very high percentage of the UV energy produced into the water.
REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO)
:
A process that reverses- by the application of pressure- the flow of water in a natural process of osmosis so that the water passes from the more concentrated to the more dilute solution through a semipermeable membrane.
SD
:
This term refers to a sediment removal cartridge for removal of suspended solids- dirt- sand- and rust. They will enhance the longevity of the filters that follow.
SOFT WATER
:
Any water which contains less than 1.0 gpg (17.1 mg/L) of hardness minerals- expressed as calcium carbonate.
STERILIZATION
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STERILIZATION
:
A process in which all living organisms are destroyed.
TURBIDITY
:
A measure of the amount of finely divided suspended matter in water- which causes the scattering and absorption of light rays. Turbidity is usually reported in arbitrary units determined by measurements of light scattering.
Teflon Sleeve
:
A sleeve used inside the EPCB filter designed to pass the water along the UV lamp two times. Teflon allows the transmission of UV light.
ULTRAVIOLET
:
The UV C band of the electromagnetic spectrum where disinfection takes place.
UV INTENSITY
:
This is the term that refers to the 254nm band output of the UV lamp.
UV LAMP
:
The lamp that is used for disinfection is a low pressure Mercury vapor lamp- combining Argon gas- Mercury- and high quality Quartz in the specific combination to produce the 254 nm wave length that is best suited for UV irradiation.
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